What is Diverticulitis?

Diverticulitis occurs when one or more diverticula, small pockets that form in the bowel lining, become inflamed or infected. This condition often leads to severe pain, nausea, fever, and other serious symptoms. Diverticulitis, a much more severe condition than diverticulosis, demands careful attention and prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Diverticulosis, commonly found in the sigmoid colon, involves the formation of these small pockets in the bowel lining. Although not immediately dangerous, diverticulosis can develop into diverticulitis if not properly managed. Eating a diet rich in fiber, including fruits, grains, legumes, and reduced red meat, can help prevent this progression. However, recognizing the symptoms of diverticulosis and taking preventive measures is crucial to avoiding the onset of diverticulitis. Learn more about What Is Diverticulitis.

Acute vs. Chronic Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis can be either acute or chronic:

  • Acute Diverticulitis: Involves sudden, severe attacks of pain and inflammation.
  • Chronic Diverticulitis: Symptoms may decrease but never fully resolve, leading to long-term complications such as bowel obstruction, which causes constipation, narrow stools, diarrhea, bloating, and severe abdominal pain. Chronic cases may also lead to complications like perforations, abscesses, scarring, fistulas, and strictures.

Understanding the difference between these types is key to managing diverticulitis effectively. For more details, explore Diverticulitis Causes.

Causes of Diverticulitis

Several factors contribute to the development of diverticulitis, including:

  • Chronic alcohol consumption
  • Chronic hepatitis disease
  • Fatty liver disease
  • Aging
  • Incorrect BMI or obesity
  • Smoking
  • Low-fiber diet
  • Lack of exercise
  • High intake of animal fat
  • Medications like steroids, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

These factors increase the likelihood of diverticula tearing, leading to inflammation and infection. Studies indicate that genetics may also play a role in the development of this condition.

Common Symptoms of Diverticulitis

The symptoms of diverticulitis can vary, but common signs include:

  • Tenderness over the affected area
  • Fever
  • Mild abdominal cramps
  • Chills
  • Rectal bleeding (in severe cases)
  • Swelling or bloating
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Constipation or diarrhea

Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for effective treatment. If you experience these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately. For more information, visit Diverticulitis Symptoms.

Diagnosing Diverticulitis

If you experience symptoms of diverticulitis, accurate diagnosis is essential. A gastroenterologist can diagnose the condition during an acute attack through physical examination and additional tests such as blood tests, stool samples, CT scans, digital rectal exams, and liver enzyme tests. For women of childbearing age, a pregnancy test may also be necessary to rule out pregnancy as a cause of abdominal pain. Learn more about managing pain associated with diverticulitis here.

Effective Treatment for Diverticulitis

Managing diverticulitis depends on the severity of the condition:

  • Mild Diverticulitis: For mild cases, healthcare providers may prescribe oral antibiotics like metronidazole or amoxicillin. Rest, over-the-counter pain relievers, and a low-fiber or liquid diet can help reduce symptoms.
  • Severe Diverticulitis: In severe cases, you may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and fluids. Surgery, such as a colon resection, may be necessary if complications arise. After recovery, a colonoscopy may be recommended to rule out colon cancer as a potential cause of symptoms.

Your healthcare provider will discuss your treatment plan in detail, ensuring you receive the most appropriate care. Gradually reintroduce light foods as your symptoms improve, and eventually transition to a high-fiber diet to prevent future flare-ups. For dietary guidance, explore What Is The Best Diet For Diverticulitis.

FAQs on Diverticulitis

What foods trigger diverticulitis?
Low-fiber or high-sugar foods can increase the risk of diverticulosis and trigger symptoms. Avoid red or processed meats, dairy products, fruits and vegetables with skin and seeds, and whole grains. For more details, check out Foods To Avoid With Diverticulitis.

Are bananas good for diverticulitis?
Yes, bananas are a good option for those with mild diverticulitis. They are low in fiber, which helps the colon rest.

What foods should be avoided with diverticulosis?
Patients with diverticulosis should follow a high-fiber diet, avoiding full-fat dairy products and fried foods.

How do you stop a diverticulitis flare-up?
During a flare-up, follow your healthcare provider’s instructions, which may include a liquid diet and avoiding solid foods. Stay hydrated and maintain regular exercise.

About Dr. Nivedita Pandey

Dr. Nivedita Pandey is a renowned liver specialist based in Delhi, with extensive experience in treating gastrointestinal issues like diverticulitis. Her expertise, combined with a compassionate approach, has made her one of the most sought-after specialists in the region. You can consult Dr. Pandey online for personalized advice and treatment, ensuring you receive the best care from the comfort of your home.